The Impact of Thyroid Autoimmunity, Glucose Metabolism, and Vitamin D Status in Women With Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Retrospective Study.
Source: PubMed, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine
The influence of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) on obstetrical and fetal outcomes is debated. Specifically, the impact of thyroid antibodies on the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) remains controversial. Similarly, the relationship between glucose metabolism and vitamin D (vitD) status in RPL women needs clarification. We evaluated 301 non-pregnant women (mean age 37 ± 4.8 SD) with a previous history of primary RPL (≥ 2 spontaneous pregnancy losses < 20 weeks of gestation) referred to our clinic over a period of 5 years (from 2020 to 2025). We did not find significant correlations between TAI and full-term pregnancies or abortions (p > 0.05). ANOVA analysis showed that the variables "full-term pregnancies" and "abortions" significantly impacted TSH (p = 0.007 and p = 0.011, respectively), whereas no significant results emerged for the dependent variables free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) (p > 0.05). No statistically significant correlations were found between TAI and the area under the glucose curve (AUC-Glyc) or between TAI and the area under the insulin curve (AUC-Ins) (p > 0.05). We did not find significant associations between TAI and previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (p > 0.05) or between vitD and TAI (p > 0.05). TAI did not appear to influence RPL risk in non-pregnant euthyroid women. A broader clinical evaluation may be more appropriate to determine the actual risk of miscarriage. TAI alone did not seem to strongly impact the
Abstract
The influence of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) on obstetrical and fetal outcomes is debated. Specifically, the impact of thyroid antibodies on the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) remains controversial. Similarly, the relationship between glucose metabolism and vitamin D (vitD) status in RPL women needs clarification. We evaluated 301 non-pregnant women (mean age 37 ± 4.8 SD) with a previous history of primary RPL (≥ 2 spontaneous pregnancy losses < 20 weeks of gestation) referred to our clinic over a period of 5 years (from 2020 to 2025). We did not find significant correlations between TAI and full-term pregnancies or abortions (p > 0.05). ANOVA analysis showed that the variables "full-term pregnancies" and "abortions" significantly impacted TSH (p = 0.007 and p = 0.011, respectively), whereas no significant results emerged for the dependent variables free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) (p > 0.05). No statistically significant correlations were found between TAI and the area under the glucose curve (AUC-Glyc) or between TAI and the area under the insulin curve (AUC-Ins) (p > 0.05). We did not find significant associations between TAI and previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (p > 0.05) or between vitD and TAI (p > 0.05). TAI did not appear to influence RPL risk in non-pregnant euthyroid women. A broader clinical evaluation may be more appropriate to determine the actual risk of miscarriage. TAI alone did not seem to strongly impact the rate of miscarriages, glucose metabolism, or vitamin D status in non-pregnant women with RPL.