Stimuli‐responsive nanostructured hydrogen sulfide donors for enhanced cancer treatments
Source: PubMed Central Open Access, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine
Abstract Cancer has become one of the leading causes to human death, which promotes scientists to develop various treatment modalities. Among them, hydrogen sulfide (HS)‐based gas therapy (GT) emerges as a facile but promising approach due to its unique merits including fast active tissue and cell penetration, robust bioactivity, negligible drug resistance. However, as a potent bioactive gas molecule, uncontrolled diffusion would significantly compromise the therapeutic efficacy and cause side effect. To address this issue, stimuli‐responsive nanostructured HS donors, a subtype of donors capable of forming nanostructures, have been explored. Compared with unassembled ones, they could not only prolong the release time and fine tune the release rate at the aid of nanostructures, but also achieve targeting delivery of HS in a passive or active manner. Given that huge advancement has been made in the past few years, in this review, we survey and categorize the latest progress of these nanostructured HS donors for cancer treatment in terms of different constituted materials from organic to hybrid. Both HS‐based single GT and combined therapies are examined in this review thoroughly. At the end, future outlooks and upcoming challenges of these emerging donors are discussed. We believe that it would inspire scientists to design new donors and extend their applications for human care. Three typical kinds of stimuli‐responsive nanostructured hydrogen sulfide (HS) donors are reviewed.
Abstract
Abstract Cancer has become one of the leading causes to human death, which promotes scientists to develop various treatment modalities. Among them, hydrogen sulfide (HS)‐based gas therapy (GT) emerges as a facile but promising approach due to its unique merits including fast active tissue and cell penetration, robust bioactivity, negligible drug resistance. However, as a potent bioactive gas molecule, uncontrolled diffusion would significantly compromise the therapeutic efficacy and cause side effect. To address this issue, stimuli‐responsive nanostructured HS donors, a subtype of donors capable of forming nanostructures, have been explored. Compared with unassembled ones, they could not only prolong the release time and fine tune the release rate at the aid of nanostructures, but also achieve targeting delivery of HS in a passive or active manner. Given that huge advancement has been made in the past few years, in this review, we survey and categorize the latest progress of these nanostructured HS donors for cancer treatment in terms of different constituted materials from organic to hybrid. Both HS‐based single GT and combined therapies are examined in this review thoroughly. At the end, future outlooks and upcoming challenges of these emerging donors are discussed. We believe that it would inspire scientists to design new donors and extend their applications for human care. Three typical kinds of stimuli‐responsive nanostructured hydrogen sulfide (HS) donors are reviewed. The nanostructures ensure precise delivery of HS to the lesion site and regulate the release behavior. The HS‐based gas therapy has been used to synergize with other cancer treatment modalities, achieving enhanced efficacy while reducing side effects. graphical