Situation report: reactions to mammalian amniotic fluid and blood among veterinarians

Source: PubMed Central Open Access, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine

Background Reactions to animal biological fluids are poorly described in veterinary occupational health, despite exposures during obstetrical and surgical procedures. This study aimed to characterize the clinical features and risk determinants of reactions to mammalian amniotic fluid (AF) and blood in veterinarians. Methods A questionnaire was distributed to veterinarians practicing in France and Belgium. Data collected included demographics, allergic history, types of animal exposure, clinical features of reactions, time of onset of symptoms, use of protective equipment. Results Among 317 respondents, 46% reported reactions to AF and 16% to blood. These reactions were predominantly cutaneous and often delayed, contrasting with the more frequent respiratory symptoms reported after common animal contact. Most cases were linked to bovine exposure and occurred early in obstetrical practice. A strong association was observed between the onset of parturitions practice and first symptoms. Increased number of parturitions and absence of protective measures were associated with higher risk. Conclusions Reactions to mammalian AF and blood represent a distinct occupational entity in veterinary medicine. The symptoms could be suggestive of protein contact dermatitis. Early exposure and insufficient protection may contribute to their development, highlighting the need for preventive strategies and validated diagnostic tools.