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Single-dose systemic methotrexate vs expectant management for treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy: a placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Source: PubMed, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and GynecologyJurkovic D, Memtsa M, Sawyer E, et al.Published 2/1/2017Last synced 6/2/2026Status: syncedPMID: 27731538DOI: 10.1002/uog.17329

Methotrexate is used routinely worldwide for the medical treatment of clinically stable women with a tubal ectopic pregnancy. This is despite the lack of robust evidence to show its superior effectiveness over expectant management. The aim of our multicenter randomized controlled trial was to compare success rates of methotrexate against placebo for the conservative treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy. This study took place in two early-pregnancy units in the UK between August 2005 and June 2014. Inclusion criteria were clinically stable women with a conclusive ultrasound diagnosis of a tubal ectopic pregnancy, presenting with a low serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (&#x3b2;-hCG) level of&#x2009;<&#x2009;1500&#x2009;IU/L. Women were assigned randomly to a single systemic injection of either 50&#x2009;mg/mmethotrexate or placebo. The primary outcome was a binary indicator for success of conservative management, defined as resolution of clinical symptoms and decline of serum &#x3b2;-hCG to&#x2009;<&#x2009;20&#x2009;IU/L or a negative urine pregnancy test without the need for any additional medical intervention. An intention-to-treat analysis was followed. We recruited a total of 80 women, 42 of whom were assigned to methotrexate and 38 to placebo. The arms of the study were matched in terms of age, ethnicity, obstetric history, pregnancy characteristics and serum levels of &#x3b2;-hCG and progesterone. The rates of success were similar for the two study arms: 83% with me

Abstract

Methotrexate is used routinely worldwide for the medical treatment of clinically stable women with a tubal ectopic pregnancy. This is despite the lack of robust evidence to show its superior effectiveness over expectant management. The aim of our multicenter randomized controlled trial was to compare success rates of methotrexate against placebo for the conservative treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy. This study took place in two early-pregnancy units in the UK between August 2005 and June 2014. Inclusion criteria were clinically stable women with a conclusive ultrasound diagnosis of a tubal ectopic pregnancy, presenting with a low serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (&#x3b2;-hCG) level of&#x2009;<&#x2009;1500&#x2009;IU/L. Women were assigned randomly to a single systemic injection of either 50&#x2009;mg/mmethotrexate or placebo. The primary outcome was a binary indicator for success of conservative management, defined as resolution of clinical symptoms and decline of serum &#x3b2;-hCG to&#x2009;<&#x2009;20&#x2009;IU/L or a negative urine pregnancy test without the need for any additional medical intervention. An intention-to-treat analysis was followed. We recruited a total of 80 women, 42 of whom were assigned to methotrexate and 38 to placebo. The arms of the study were matched in terms of age, ethnicity, obstetric history, pregnancy characteristics and serum levels of &#x3b2;-hCG and progesterone. The rates of success were similar for the two study arms: 83% with methotrexate and 76% with placebo. On univariate analysis, this difference was not statistically significant (&#x3c7;(1 degree of freedom)&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.53; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.47). On multivariate logistic regression, the serum level of &#x3b2;-hCG was the only covariate found to be significantly associated with outcome. The odds of failure increased by 0.15% for each unit increase in &#x3b2;-hCG (odds ratio, 1.0015 (95% CI, 1.0002-1.003); P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.02). In 14 women presenting with serum &#x3b2;-hCG of 1000-1500&#x2009;IU/L, the success rate was 33% in those managed expectantly compared with 62% in those receiving methotrexate. This difference was not statistically significant and a larger sample size would be needed to give sufficient power to detect a difference in the subgroup of women with higher &#x3b2;-hCG. In women with successful conservative treatment, there was no significant difference in median &#x3b2;-hCG resolution times between study arms (17.5 (interquartile range (IQR), 14-28.0) days (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;30) in the methotrexate group vs 14 (IQR, 7-29.5) days (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;25) in the placebo group; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.73). The results of our study do not support the routine use of methotrexate for the treatment of clinically stable women diagnosed with tubal ectopic pregnancy presenting with low serum &#x3b2;-hCG (<&#x2009;1500&#x2009;IU/L). Further work is required to identify a subgroup of women with tubal ectopic pregnancy and &#x3b2;-hCG &#x2265;&#x2009;1500&#x2009;IU/L in whom methotrexate may offer a safe and cost-effective alternative to surgery. Copyright &#xa9; 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Comparaci&#xf3;n entre una sola dosis de metotrexate sist&#xe9;mico y la conducta expectante en el tratamiento de casos de embarazo ect&#xf3;pico tub&#xe1;rico: un ensayo aleatorio controlado con placebo RESUMEN OBJETIVO: El metotrexate se utiliza de modo rutinario en todo el mundo para el tratamiento de las mujeres cl&#xed;nicamente estables con un embarazo ect&#xf3;pico tub&#xe1;rico. Esto sucede a pesar de la falta de evidencia rigurosa que demuestre que su eficacia es superior a la conducta expectante. El objetivo de este ensayo controlado aleatorio multic&#xe9;ntrico fue comparar las tasas de &#xe9;xito del metotrexate con las de un placebo para el tratamiento cauteloso del embarazo ect&#xf3;pico tub&#xe1;rico. M&#xc9;TODOS: Este estudio se llev&#xf3; a cabo en dos cl&#xed;nicas de control de gestaci&#xf3;n temprana en el Reino Unido entre agosto de 2005 y junio de 2014. Los criterios de inclusi&#xf3;n fueron mujeres cl&#xed;nicamente estables con un diagn&#xf3;stico ecogr&#xe1;fico concluyente de embarazo ect&#xf3;pico tub&#xe1;rico, las cu&#xe1;les presentaban una concentraci&#xf3;n s&#xe9;rica baja de la &#x3b2; hormona cori&#xf3;nica gonadotr&#xf3;pica (&#x3b2;-hCG) inferior a 1500 UI/L. Las mujeres fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a una sola inyecci&#xf3;n sist&#xe9;mica de 50&#x2009;mg/m2 de metotrexate o a placebo. El resultado primario fue un indicador binario del &#xe9;xito del tratamiento conservador, definido como la resoluci&#xf3;n de los s&#xed;ntomas cl&#xed;nicos y la disminuci&#xf3;n en el suero de la &#x3b2;-hCG a <20 UI/L o una prueba de embarazo negativa en orina sin la necesidad de ninguna intervenci&#xf3;n m&#xe9;dica adicional. Se hizo un an&#xe1;lisis por intenci&#xf3;n de tratar. Se reclut&#xf3; un total de 80 mujeres; a 42 de ellas se les asign&#xf3; el metotrexate y a 38 el placebo. Los grupos del estudio se realizaron en funci&#xf3;n de la edad, el origen &#xe9;tnico, los antecedentes obst&#xe9;tricos, las caracter&#xed;sticas del embarazo y los niveles s&#xe9;ricos de la &#x3b2;-hCG y la progesterona. Las tasas de &#xe9;xito fueron similares para los dos grupos de estudio: 83% con metotrexate y 76% con placebo. En el an&#xe1;lisis univariante, esta diferencia no fue estad&#xed;sticamente significativa (&#x3c7;2 (1 grado de libertad)&#x2009;=&#x2009;0,53; P = 0,47). En la regresi&#xf3;n log&#xed;stica multivariante, el nivel s&#xe9;rico de la &#x3b2;-hCG fue la &#xfa;nica covariable que se encontr&#xf3; significativamente asociada con el resultado. Las probabilidades de fracaso aumentaron en un 0,15% por cada unidad de aumento de la &#x3b2;-hCG (cociente de probabilidad 1,0015 (IC 95%, 1,0002-1,003); P = 0,02). La tasa de &#xe9;xito en las 14 mujeres con un nivel s&#xe9;rico de la &#x3b2;-hCG de 1000-1500 UI/L fue del 33% en las tratadas con conducta expectante frente al 62% en las que recibieron metotrexate. Esta diferencia no fue estad&#xed;sticamente significativa, por lo que se necesitar&#xed;a un tama&#xf1;o de muestra mayor, lo suficiente como para poder detectar diferencias en el subgrupo de mujeres con una &#x3b2;-hCG m&#xe1;s elevada. En las mujeres en las que el tratamiento conservador tuvo &#xe9;xito, no hubo una diferencia significativa en la mediana de los tiempos de resoluci&#xf3;n de la &#xdf;-hCG entre los grupos del estudio (17,5 (amplitud intercuart&#xed;lica (IQR), 14-28,0) d&#xed;as (n = 30) en el grupo de metotrexate frente a 14 (IQR, 7-29.5) d&#xed;as (n = 25) en el grupo de placebo; P = 0,73). Los resultados de este estudio no apoyan el uso rutinario de metotrexate para el tratamiento de las mujeres cl&#xed;nicamente estables diagnosticadas con un embarazo ect&#xf3;pico tub&#xe1;rico que presenta un nivel s&#xe9;rico bajo la &#x3b2;-hCG (<1500 UI/L). Ser&#xe1;n necesarios estudios adicionales para identificar un subgrupo de mujeres con embarazo ect&#xf3;pico tub&#xe1;rico y &#x3b2;-hCG &#x2265;1500 UI/L para quienes el metotrexate puede ofrecer una alternativa segura y rentable en comparaci&#xf3;n con la cirug&#xed;a. : : ,,&#x3002;&#x3002; : 2005820146,2&#x3002;,,&#x3b2;(beta human chorionic gonadotropin,&#x3b2;-hCG)<1500 IU/L&#x3002;,(50 mg/m)&#x3002;,&#x3b2;-hCG<20 IU/L,&#x3002;&#x3002; : 80,42,38&#x3002;2&#x3001;&#x3001;&#x3001;&#x3b2;-hCG&#x3002;2:83%,76%&#x3002;,[&#x3c7;(1)=0.53;P=0.47]&#x3002;logistic,&#x3b2;-hCG&#x3002;&#x3b2;-hCG,0.15%[,1.0015(95% CI,1.0002~1.003);P=0.02]&#x3002;14&#x3b2;-hCG1000~1500 IU/L,33%,62%&#x3002;,&#x3b2;-hCG&#x3002;,2&#x3b2;-hCG(P=0.73),17.5[(interquartile range,IQR),14~28.0](n=30),14 (IQR,7~29.5)(n=25)&#x3002; : &#x3001;&#x3001;&#x3b2;-hCG(<1500 IU/L)&#x3002;,&#x3b2;-hCG>1500 IU/L&#x3001;&#x3002;.

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