Reversible alterations of brain acetate metabolism associated with alcohol consumption.
Source: PubMed, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine
Alcohol consumption elevates circulating acetate. Prior studies showed that acute alcohol reduces brain glucose uptake and increases brain acetate oxidation. Previously we showed that heavy drinkers have elevated capacity to oxidize brain acetate. Here we repeat the study, adding individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Four groups were enrolled. The analysis data set included Light Drinkers (LD, n = 13, female = 5), at-risk Heavy Drinkers (HD, n = 15, female = 7), AUD patients in long-term recovery (≥6 months; AUD, n = 6, female = 1), and a separate group of AUD treatment-seekers (AUD, n = 12, female = 1) underwent medically supervised detoxification, scanned at ~1 week abstinence (n = 9) and 1 month (n = 10). Seven AUDparticipants successfully completed scans at both time points. We infused participants with [2-C]acetate during magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) ofC-glutamate (Glu) andC-glutamine (Gln) in the brain, to measure the cerebral metabolic rate for acetate (CMR) and the neuronal tricarboxylic acid cycle relative to glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter cycling (V/V; Energy Per Cycle: EPC). There was a group effect for CMR(p = 0.007) primarily owing to lower CMRin AUDat 1 week. Furthermore, higher CMRwas observed among HD compared to LD participants, as previously reported. CMRwas similar between the
Abstract
Alcohol consumption elevates circulating acetate. Prior studies showed that acute alcohol reduces brain glucose uptake and increases brain acetate oxidation. Previously we showed that heavy drinkers have elevated capacity to oxidize brain acetate. Here we repeat the study, adding individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Four groups were enrolled. The analysis data set included Light Drinkers (LD, n = 13, female = 5), at-risk Heavy Drinkers (HD, n = 15, female = 7), AUD patients in long-term recovery (≥6 months; AUD, n = 6, female = 1), and a separate group of AUD treatment-seekers (AUD, n = 12, female = 1) underwent medically supervised detoxification, scanned at ~1 week abstinence (n = 9) and 1 month (n = 10). Seven AUDparticipants successfully completed scans at both time points. We infused participants with [2-C]acetate during magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) ofC-glutamate (Glu) andC-glutamine (Gln) in the brain, to measure the cerebral metabolic rate for acetate (CMR) and the neuronal tricarboxylic acid cycle relative to glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter cycling (V/V; Energy Per Cycle: EPC). There was a group effect for CMR(p = 0.007) primarily owing to lower CMRin AUDat 1 week. Furthermore, higher CMRwas observed among HD compared to LD participants, as previously reported. CMRwas similar between the AUDand HD groups. In a separate within-subject comparison among AUDparticipants, CMRincreased after 1 month to levels similar to those of LD. EPC was similar among the groups, representing normal glutamate-glutamine cycling versus energetics. In summary, abstinence reversed the lower acetate oxidation in early AUD, showing that just a few weeks of recovery can normalize this metabolic abnormality.