Reflux in Children
Source: MedlinePlus Health Topics, U.S. National Library of Medicine
What is reflux (GER) and GERD? Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), often called reflux, occurs when food or stomach acid flows back from your child's stomach into the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. This can sometimes cause irritation or a burning sensation. Occasional reflux is common and usually not a problem. Gastroesophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) is a more serious and long-lasting type of reflux. GERD can cause repeated symptoms or damage to the lining of the esophagus. Having reflux two or more times a week may be a sign of GERD. Your child's health care provider may diagnose GERD if the reflux causes pain, feeding problems, or irritation of the esophagus. What causes reflux and GERD in children? A small muscle called the lower esophageal sphincter acts as a valve between the esophagus and stomach. When your child swallows, this muscle relaxes to let food pass from the esophagus to the stomach. This muscle normally stays closed, so the stomach contents and acid don't flow back into the esophagus. This muscle, along with the diaphragm (the large muscle between the chest and abdomen), usually prevents reflux. It's normal for children to have reflux occasionally. In children who have GERD, the lower esophageal sphincter may be weak or relax when it shouldn't. That allows stomach contents into the esophagus. This can happen because of: A hiatal hernia , a condition in which the upper part of the stomach pushes up into the chest Increased pressure on the abdomen (belly) from being overweight or having obesity Certain medicines, such as some used to treat asthma , allergies , depression , or pain Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke Previous surgery on the esophagus or upper abdomen Developmental delays or certain neurological conditions , such as cerebral palsy Lung conditions, such as cystic fibrosis How common are reflux and GERD in children? Many children have occasional reflux, especially after large meals