Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of the Incisive Foramen: A Retrospective Study on Dry Human Skulls

Source: PubMed Central Open Access, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine

This study aimed to examine the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the incisive foramen and incisive canal in dry human skulls. The sample consisted of 150 dry adult skulls, with no distinction regarding sex or ethnicity. The analysis included the number of incisive canals within the foramen, their dimensions (area and diameter), and their anatomical connections with the incisive fossa and the nasal cavity. All incisive canals were found to communicate with the nasal cavity. The most frequently observed configuration was foramina containing two or more canals. Precise anatomical knowledge about the incisive canal and its foramen is essential for clinical procedures involving the anterior maxilla. Morphological variations in this region may affect surgical access, technique selection, and procedural outcomes.