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Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract for Perianal Fistula: Long-term Results, Functional Outcomes, and Predictors of Failure.

Source: PubMed, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine

Diseases of the colon and rectumElmér Solveig E, Zuk David, Soop Mattias, et al.Published 1/1/2026Last synced 7/20/2026Status: syncedPMID: 41114554DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000003985

Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract is a sphincter-preserving procedure for anal fistula. Most studies evaluating the operation are small with a limited follow-up. To evaluate the long-term success rate and functional outcomes after ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract. Retrospective cohort study. The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center for coloproctology. One hundred thirty-nine participants with cryptoglandular or Crohn's perianal fistula were included. Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract. The primary end point was clinical healing without recurrence after ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract. Clinical healing was defined as healing of the external fistula opening and intersphincteric incision. Secondary end points were long-term healing at last follow-up and functional outcomes measured using the St. Mark's Incontinence score. Predictors of nonhealing were also evaluated. One hundred thirty-nine patients were included with a median follow-up of 28 months (range, 20-59). Ten patients had Crohn's disease and 52 had complex fistulas. Sixty-nine patients (50%) experienced healing without recurrence, 4 healed but recurred, and 66 failed to heal after the primary procedure. Patients without initial healing underwent additional surgical procedures (median 2), most minor, such as curettage of a remaining external sinus. At the end of the follow-up period, 126 patients (91%) had a closed fistula. No statistically significant p

Abstract

Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract is a sphincter-preserving procedure for anal fistula. Most studies evaluating the operation are small with a limited follow-up. To evaluate the long-term success rate and functional outcomes after ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract. Retrospective cohort study. The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center for coloproctology. One hundred thirty-nine participants with cryptoglandular or Crohn's perianal fistula were included. Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract. The primary end point was clinical healing without recurrence after ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract. Clinical healing was defined as healing of the external fistula opening and intersphincteric incision. Secondary end points were long-term healing at last follow-up and functional outcomes measured using the St. Mark's Incontinence score. Predictors of nonhealing were also evaluated. One hundred thirty-nine patients were included with a median follow-up of 28 months (range, 20-59). Ten patients had Crohn's disease and 52 had complex fistulas. Sixty-nine patients (50%) experienced healing without recurrence, 4 healed but recurred, and 66 failed to heal after the primary procedure. Patients without initial healing underwent additional surgical procedures (median 2), most minor, such as curettage of a remaining external sinus. At the end of the follow-up period, 126 patients (91%) had a closed fistula. No statistically significant predictors of nonhealing were identified. The majority of the participants with persistent healing after the primary operation had a postoperative total St. Mark's incontinence score less than 5. The retrospective design introduces the possibility of residual confounding and selection bias. The initial healing rate after LIFT was moderate, but after additional mainly minor procedures, the final healing rate of 91% was achieved. Recurrence after initial healing was rare. Evaluation of anal function indicated good continence. See Video Abstract . ANTECEDENTES:La ligadura del tracto fistuloso interesfinteriano es un procedimiento para tratar la fístula anal que preserva el esfínter. La mayoría de los estudios que evalúan la operación son pequeños y tienen un seguimiento limitado.OBJETIVO:Evaluar la tasa de éxito a largo plazo y los resultados funcionales tras la ligadura del tracto fistuloso interesfinteriano.DISEÑO:Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo.ENTORNO:El estudio se llevó a cabo en un centro terciario de referencia para coloproctología.PACIENTES:Se incluyeron 139 participantes con fístula perianal criptoglandular o de Crohn.INTERVENCIONES:Ligadura del tracto fistuloso interesfinteriano.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:El criterio de valoración principal fue la curación clínica sin recurrencia tras la ligadura del tracto fistuloso interesfinteriano. La curación clínica se definió como la curación de la abertura externa de la fístula y la incisión interesfinteriana. Los criterios de valoración secundarios fueron la curación a largo plazo en el último seguimiento y los resultados funcionales medidos mediante la puntuación de incontinencia de St. Marks. También se evaluaron los predictores de no curación.RESULTADOS:Se incluyeron 139 pacientes con una mediana de seguimiento de 28 meses (rango, 20-59). Diez tenían enfermedad de Crohn y 52 tenían fístulas complejas. Sesenta y nueve (50 %) pacientes experimentaron una curación sin recurrencia, 4 se curaron pero recayeron y 66 participantes no se curaron después de la intervención primaria. Los pacientes sin curación inicial fueron tratados con intervenciones quirúrgicas adicionales (mediana de 2), la mayoría de ellas menores, como el curetaje de un seno externo restante. Al final del periodo de seguimiento, 126 (91 %) de los pacientes tenían una fístula cerrada. No se identificaron predictores estadísticamente significativos de no cicatrización. La mayoría de los participantes con cicatrización persistente tras la operación primaria tenían una puntuación total postoperatoria de incontinencia de St. Mark inferior a 5.LIMITACIONES:El diseño retrospectivo introduce la posibilidad de confusión residual y sesgo de selección.CONCLUSIONES:La tasa de cicatrización inicial tras la LIFT fue moderada, pero tras procedimientos adicionales, en su mayoría menores, se alcanzó una tasa de cicatrización final del 91 %. La recurrencia tras la cicatrización inicial fue poco frecuente. La evaluación de la función anal indicó una buena continencia. ( AI-generated translation ).

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