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Laparoscopic Versus Robot-Assisted Low Anterior Resection With Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer (2014-2021): A Propensity Score-Weighted Multicenter Cohort Study of Long-term Oncological Outcomes (RESOLUTION).

Source: PubMed, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine

Diseases of the colon and rectumGeitenbeek Ritch T J, Duhoky Rauand, Burghgraef Thijs A, et al.Published 8/1/2026Last synced 8/15/2026Status: syncedPMID: 42112578DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000004231

Robot-assisted total mesorectal excision was introduced to overcome several technical constraints associated with conventional laparoscopic total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer surgery. Nevertheless, data on long-term oncological outcomes remain limited. This study compared long-term oncological outcomes between robot-assisted total mesorectal excision and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Retrospective, multicenter, international cohort study using inverse probability of treatment weighting to minimize confounding. Expert centers specialized in colorectal cancer for their respective surgical approaches across the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and France. There were 1077 rectal cancer patients with at least 3 years of follow-up who underwent either laparoscopic or robot-assisted total mesorectal excision from 2014 to 2021. The primary outcome was 3-year disease-free survival. Secondary outcomes included 3-year local recurrence, 3-year systemic recurrence, and 3-year overall survival. A total of 435.8 laparoscopic and 637.4 robot-assisted cases were analyzed after weighting. More robot-assisted cases were graded as complete total mesorectal excision than in the laparoscopic group (76.5% vs 87.5%, p < 0.001), but without significant differences in circumferential resection margin positivity, conversion rates, or postoperative complications. Robot-assisted surgery led to higher restorative low anterior resection rates (93.2% vs 80.6%, p < 0.001)

Abstract

Robot-assisted total mesorectal excision was introduced to overcome several technical constraints associated with conventional laparoscopic total mesorectal excision in rectal cancer surgery. Nevertheless, data on long-term oncological outcomes remain limited. This study compared long-term oncological outcomes between robot-assisted total mesorectal excision and laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Retrospective, multicenter, international cohort study using inverse probability of treatment weighting to minimize confounding. Expert centers specialized in colorectal cancer for their respective surgical approaches across the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and France. There were 1077 rectal cancer patients with at least 3 years of follow-up who underwent either laparoscopic or robot-assisted total mesorectal excision from 2014 to 2021. The primary outcome was 3-year disease-free survival. Secondary outcomes included 3-year local recurrence, 3-year systemic recurrence, and 3-year overall survival. A total of 435.8 laparoscopic and 637.4 robot-assisted cases were analyzed after weighting. More robot-assisted cases were graded as complete total mesorectal excision than in the laparoscopic group (76.5% vs 87.5%, p < 0.001), but without significant differences in circumferential resection margin positivity, conversion rates, or postoperative complications. Robot-assisted surgery led to higher restorative low anterior resection rates (93.2% vs 80.6%, p < 0.001) and less stoma creation (69.1% vs 80.9%, p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in 3-year disease-free survival (75.1% vs 75.2%; HR 1.04; 95% CI, 0.80-1.34), overall survival (81.6% vs 81.7%; HR 1.14; 95% CI, 0.80-1.61), local recurrence (3.7% vs 3.0%; HR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.45-1.80), or systemic recurrence (15.1% vs 15.3%; HR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.69-1.34). Because this is an observational propensity-weighted analysis, these results should be interpreted as an absence of observed differences rather than evidence of equivalence, and residual confounding (including temporal and center-level factors) may remain. Robot-assisted surgery was associated with improved pathological specimen grade and more restorative procedures, whereas no statistically significant differences were observed in 3-year oncological outcomes. See Video Abstract . https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN75281193 . ANTECEDENTES:La escisi&#xf3;n total del mesorrecto asistida por robot se introdujo para superar varias limitaciones t&#xe9;cnicas asociadas con la escisi&#xf3;n total del mesorrecto laparosc&#xf3;pica convencional en la cirug&#xed;a del c&#xe1;ncer rectal. No obstante, los datos sobre los resultados oncol&#xf3;gicos a largo plazo siguen siendo limitados.OBJETIVO:Este estudio compar&#xf3; los resultados oncol&#xf3;gicos a largo plazo entre la escisi&#xf3;n total del mesorrecto asistida por robot y la escisi&#xf3;n total del mesorrecto laparosc&#xf3;pica para el c&#xe1;ncer rectal.DISE&#xd1;O:Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo, multic&#xe9;ntrico e internacional, que emple&#xf3; la ponderaci&#xf3;n por probabilidad inversa del tratamiento para minimizar los factores de confusi&#xf3;n.&#xc1;MBITO:Centros expertos especializados en c&#xe1;ncer colorrectal, seg&#xfa;n su respectivo enfoque quir&#xfa;rgico, ubicados en el Reino Unido, los Pa&#xed;ses Bajos y Francia.PACIENTES:Se incluyeron 1077 pacientes con c&#xe1;ncer rectal, con un seguimiento de al menos 3 a&#xf1;os, que se sometieron a una escisi&#xf3;n total del mesorrecto (ya fuera laparosc&#xf3;pica o asistida por robot) entre 2014 y 2021.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:El resultado primario fue la supervivencia libre de enfermedad a los 3 a&#xf1;os. Los resultados secundarios incluyeron la recurrencia local a los 3 a&#xf1;os, la recurrencia sist&#xe9;mica a los 3 a&#xf1;os y la supervivencia global a los 3 a&#xf1;os.RESULTADOS:Se analizaron un total de 435,8 casos laparosc&#xf3;picos y 637,4 casos asistidos por robot tras aplicar la ponderaci&#xf3;n. Un mayor n&#xfa;mero de casos asistidos por robot fueron clasificados como escisi&#xf3;n total del mesorrecto completa en comparaci&#xf3;n con el grupo laparosc&#xf3;pico (76,5% frente a 87,5%; p < 0,001), aunque sin diferencias significativas en cuanto a la positividad del margen de resecci&#xf3;n circunferencial, las tasas de conversi&#xf3;n o las complicaciones postoperatorias. La cirug&#xed;a asistida por robot condujo a tasas m&#xe1;s elevadas de resecci&#xf3;n anterior baja con restauraci&#xf3;n de la continuidad (93,2% frente a 80,6%; p < 0,001) y a una menor creaci&#xf3;n de estomas (69,1% frente a 80,9%; p < 0,001). No se hallaron diferencias significativas en la supervivencia libre de enfermedad a 3 a&#xf1;os (75,1% frente a 75,2%; HR: 1,04; IC: 0,80-1,34), la supervivencia global (81,6% frente a 81,7%; HR: 1,14; IC: 0,80-1,61), la recurrencia local (3,7% frente a 3,0%; HR: 0,89; IC: 0,45-1,80) ni la recurrencia sist&#xe9;mica (15,1% frente a 15,3%; HR: 0,97; IC: 0,69-1,34).LIMITACIONES:Dado que se trata de un an&#xe1;lisis observacional ponderado por puntuaci&#xf3;n de propensi&#xf3;n, estos resultados deben interpretarse como una ausencia de diferencias observadas, m&#xe1;s que como evidencia de equivalencia; asimismo, podr&#xed;a persistir un sesgo de confusi&#xf3;n residual (incluyendo factores temporales y a nivel de centro).CONCLUSI&#xd3;N:La cirug&#xed;a asistida por robot se asoci&#xf3; con una mejor clasificaci&#xf3;n patol&#xf3;gica de la pieza quir&#xfa;rgica y con un mayor n&#xfa;mero de procedimientos restauradores, mientras que no se observaron diferencias estad&#xed;sticamente significativas en los resultados oncol&#xf3;gicos a 3 a&#xf1;os. (AI-generated translation )REGISTRO DE ESTUDIOS CL&#xcd;NICOS:https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN75281193 .

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