Lab on an end: Micromanipulation using the acoustohydrodynamic pillar array as an end effector
Source: PubMed Central Open Access, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine
Significance Great efforts have been made to put the concept of microfluidics into practice for advancing chemistry, diagnostics, and biology. However, existing routes to microfluidics, including the lab-on-a-chip and open microfluidic devices, require biologists and chemists to design proprietary tools for specific tasks, preventing them from widespread adoption. Inspired by the cooperative multiple cilia of biological organisms and tissues to generate flow, we propose the acoustohydrodynamic pillar array as an end effector to pump spatially and temporally continuous flow, which brings together micromanipulation of individual entities and liquids, allowing for complex multistep processing in open environment. We envision that the LoE addresses the inherent limitations of traditional microfluidic approaches and will serve as an easy-to-use, powerful tool for many laboratory tasks. executive-summary The concept of microfluidics has shown considerable promise for advancing chemistry, diagnostics, and biology. However, there have been no guaranteed routes of microfluidics that can achieve widespread adoption in mainstream chemistry and biomedical research. Inspired by the cooperative multiple cilia of biological organisms and tissues to generate flow, we propose an open microfluidic platform, lab on an end (LoE), to pump spatially and temporally continuous flow for multifunctional micromanipulation with the acoustohydrodynamic pillar array as an end effector. LoE brings together
Abstract
Significance Great efforts have been made to put the concept of microfluidics into practice for advancing chemistry, diagnostics, and biology. However, existing routes to microfluidics, including the lab-on-a-chip and open microfluidic devices, require biologists and chemists to design proprietary tools for specific tasks, preventing them from widespread adoption. Inspired by the cooperative multiple cilia of biological organisms and tissues to generate flow, we propose the acoustohydrodynamic pillar array as an end effector to pump spatially and temporally continuous flow, which brings together micromanipulation of individual entities and liquids, allowing for complex multistep processing in open environment. We envision that the LoE addresses the inherent limitations of traditional microfluidic approaches and will serve as an easy-to-use, powerful tool for many laboratory tasks. executive-summary The concept of microfluidics has shown considerable promise for advancing chemistry, diagnostics, and biology. However, there have been no guaranteed routes of microfluidics that can achieve widespread adoption in mainstream chemistry and biomedical research. Inspired by the cooperative multiple cilia of biological organisms and tissues to generate flow, we propose an open microfluidic platform, lab on an end (LoE), to pump spatially and temporally continuous flow for multifunctional micromanipulation with the acoustohydrodynamic pillar array as an end effector. LoE brings together the micromanipulation of individual entities, liquid operations, and cell processing onto an acoustic end effector. These operations are mainly driven by acoustic radiation and two unique frequency-dependent microstreaming profiles: out-of-plane vortex near a single pillar and in-plane transmission flow surrounding the entire pillar array. Applications in embryo engineering, local morphological phenotyping offor neuron research, efficient chemical reactions, and multifunctional cell processing indicate that the LoE could potentially lead to breakthroughs in understanding and using microfluidics. Its capability of integrating multiple sequential processes, inherent high accessibility, easy use, and low cost provide an end-to-end solution to mainstream chemistry and biomedical research.