Glycemic status, antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation among patients with diabetes mellitus in Buea Regional Hospital in Cameroon.
Source: PubMed, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine
Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and development of complications by altering antioxidant levels and inducing lipid peroxidation. Although patients with T2DM are reported to be under oxidative stress because of prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia, the influence of glycemic control in diabetes on enhanced free-radical activity is poorly understood. To evaluate the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) - a marker of lipid peroxidation and catalase (CAT) - an antioxidant enzyme in patients with T2DM categorized by glycemic control, and to compare these levels with those of apparently healthy individuals in Buea, Cameroon. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at Buea Regional Hospital from January 2024 to June 2024 involving patients with T2DM and age-matched healthy controls. Socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometric data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Levels of glucose, lipid profile, CAT and MDA were determined by spectrophotometry. Glycated hemoglobin was measured using ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography method. Data analyses were done using IBM SPSS version 26.0 for Windows. A≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 192 participants (96 patients with T2DM and 96 healthy controls) were recruited in this study. The mean age of the participants was were 47.97 ± 10.3 years with most being males (62.5%). CAT activity and high-densi
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and development of complications by altering antioxidant levels and inducing lipid peroxidation. Although patients with T2DM are reported to be under oxidative stress because of prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia, the influence of glycemic control in diabetes on enhanced free-radical activity is poorly understood. To evaluate the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) - a marker of lipid peroxidation and catalase (CAT) - an antioxidant enzyme in patients with T2DM categorized by glycemic control, and to compare these levels with those of apparently healthy individuals in Buea, Cameroon. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted at Buea Regional Hospital from January 2024 to June 2024 involving patients with T2DM and age-matched healthy controls. Socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometric data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Levels of glucose, lipid profile, CAT and MDA were determined by spectrophotometry. Glycated hemoglobin was measured using ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography method. Data analyses were done using IBM SPSS version 26.0 for Windows. A≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 192 participants (96 patients with T2DM and 96 healthy controls) were recruited in this study. The mean age of the participants was were 47.97 ± 10.3 years with most being males (62.5%). CAT activity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher in control subjects (< 0.05). The majority of patients with T2DM (80.2%) had a poor glycemic control. CAT activity was lower and MDA was significantly higher in patients with T2DM with poor glycemic control (< 0.001). Glycated hemoglobin showed a significantly strong positive correlation with MDA levels (= 0.846,< 0.001) and a significantly strong negative correlation with CAT activity (= -0.567,< 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between CAT activity and MDA (= -0.568,< 0.001). The results of this study indicated a significantly higher level of MDA and lower CAT activity in patients with T2DM compared to apparently healthy age-matched and sex-matched controls. Increased lipid peroxidation and decrease antioxidant enzyme activity were associated with poor glycemic control. The correlation between lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, and glycemic control highlights the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of T2DM.