GERD

Source: MedlinePlus Health Topics, U.S. National Library of Medicine

Last synced 8/14/2026Status: primary verified

What is GERD? Sometimes, after eating a large meal or lying down too soon after eating, you might feel acid coming up into your throat. This is called gastroesophageal reflux (GER). It happens when the muscle at the end of your esophagus (the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach) doesn't close properly. Stomach contents can then move back up and irritate the esophagus. Having reflux occasionally is common. But if you have symptoms two or more times a week or if they cause damage to the lining of your esophagus, you may have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD is a chronic (long-lasting) condition that can cause discomfort and, over time, lead to other health problems. Anyone can have GERD, including infants and children . What causes GERD? GERD can happen when the muscle at the bottom of your esophagus becomes weak or relaxes at the wrong time. You are more likely to have GERD if you: Are overweight or have obesity Are pregnant Smoke or are around secondhand smoke Have a hiatal hernia (when part of the stomach pushes up into the chest) Certain foods, drinks, or medicines can also make GERD worse. What are common symptoms of GERD? The most common symptom of GERD is heartburn . This is a burning feeling in your chest or throat. You can also have GERD without having heartburn. Other symptoms may include: Tasting acid or food in the back of your mouth A dry cough or hoarse voice Asthma -like symptoms Trouble swallowing Get medical help right away if you have chest pain with shortness of breath , or pain in your jaw or arm. These can be signs of a heart problem. How is GERD diagnosed? Your health care provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. They may recommend tests such as: Upper GI endoscopy to look at the esophagus and stomach lining with a tiny camera. Biopsy to check a small tissue sample. X-Ray to take pictures of the upper digestive system. Esophageal pH test to measure how often acid backs up the esophagus and how long

Educational only

This information is for general education and is not medical advice. Always talk to a licensed U.S. clinician about your situation, medications, or treatment decisions.