Decoding urbanization pathways: An integrative land use change indicator framework for sustainable development in Nusantara

Source: PubMed Central Open Access, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine

iScienceLast synced 7/21/2026Status: syncedPMID: 42473664 pmidDOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116763

Summary Indonesia’s new capital, Nusantara, is generating urban expansion that extends beyond administrative boundaries, yet its cross-boundary land-use dynamics remain insufficiently understood. This study develops a contextualized predictive-preventive framework of land use change (LUC) indicators for future urbanization assessment in the Nusantara agglomeration through a review-based conceptual synthesis. Drawing on recent LUC studies, published empirical evidence, and the Nusantara Development Masterplan, the study identifies 46 predictive indicators representing internal urban growth conditions and six preventive indicators capturing regional ecological capacity and spatial inequality. Predictive indicators explain land-conversion suitability and growth pressure, whereas preventive indicators function as safeguards that regulate or moderate expansion in environmentally fragile or unequal areas. The framework links internal urban drivers with regional socio-ecological constraints, extending LUC assessment beyond administrative borders. It provides a conceptual foundation for future scenario modeling, comparative research, and sustainable land management in new city development contexts. abs0010 Graphical abstract http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink float portrait ga1.jpg undfig1 anchor portrait graphical abs0015 Geography; Environmental science teaser abs0020

Educational only

This information is for general education and is not medical advice. Always talk to a licensed U.S. clinician about your situation, medications, or treatment decisions.