Coronary Artery Disease
Source: MedlinePlus Health Topics, U.S. National Library of Medicine
What is coronary artery disease? Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease in the United States and a leading cause of death for both men and women. CAD affects the coronary arteries, which are the blood vessels that carry blood and oxygen to your heart muscle. When these arteries are damaged or diseased, your heart does not get the blood it needs. What causes coronary artery disease? CAD develops slowly over time when plaque builds up inside your coronary arteries. Plaque is a waxy, sticky substance made of fat, cholesterol , calcium , and other materials found in your blood. This buildup is called atherosclerosis . As plaque grows, it narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow to your heart muscle. Over time, this can partly or fully block the flow of blood and oxygen your heart needs to work properly. What are the types of coronary artery disease? Obstructive CAD is when a large coronary artery is narrowed by 50% or more, significantly reducing blood flow. Nonobstructive CAD is when a large coronary artery is narrowed by less than 50%. Coronary microvascular disease affects the heart's tiny blood vessels. Damage to the walls of these small vessels reduces blood flow to your heart. This type is more common in women. Who is more likely to have coronary artery disease? You may be more likely to develop CAD if you: Eat a diet high in saturated fat Smoke or use tobacco products Are not physically active Are overweight or have obesity Have high blood pressure , high cholesterol , or high blood glucose ( diabetes ) Have a family history of heart disease, especially in a parent or sibling who had it before age 50 Are getting older, especially men, who tend to develop CAD earlier in life than women Your health care provider may use a risk calculator to estimate your chance of having a heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years. Talk with your provider about your personal risk. What are symptoms of coronary artery disease? Symptoms of CAD var