Library
PubMed
research article
Professional

Brave New World: Analysis of Early Clinical Experience With Molecular Sequencing in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer.

Source: PubMed, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine

Diseases of the colon and rectumYee Jared T, Eltahir Ahmed A, Oduyale Oluseye K, et al.Published 12/1/2025Last synced 7/14/2026Status: syncedPMID: 40856272DOI: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000003950

Advances in genetic sequencing technologies, including somatic next-generation sequencing and circulating tumor DNA assays, have significantly impacted the management of rectal cancer. However, the clinical implications of these technologies remain incompletely understood. To evaluate patterns and clinical utility of genetic sequencing among patients with rectal cancer. Retrospective cohort analysis from a prospectively maintained institutional registry. Single National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center. A total of 251 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer between January 2017 and April 2024 who underwent genetic testing. Somatic tumor sequencing and circulating tumor DNA analysis. Response to total neoadjuvant therapy, local recurrence, and distant metastasis. Genetic testing utilization increased substantially from 2017 to 2024, with somatic next-generation sequencing testing rising from 3% to 33% and circulating tumor DNA from 2% to more than 45%. Tumor mutational burden did not correlate significantly with response to total neoadjuvant therapy, recurrence, or metastasis. Mutation profiles across carcinogenesis pathways showed no significant differences between complete responders and those with residual disease after adjustment ( p = 0.145). After total neoadjuvant therapy, circulating tumor DNA positivity strongly correlated with residual disease (sensitivity 76.5%, specificity 82.4%; p = 0.0016), with tumor-agnostic circulating tumor DNA assays demonstrating sig

Abstract

Advances in genetic sequencing technologies, including somatic next-generation sequencing and circulating tumor DNA assays, have significantly impacted the management of rectal cancer. However, the clinical implications of these technologies remain incompletely understood. To evaluate patterns and clinical utility of genetic sequencing among patients with rectal cancer. Retrospective cohort analysis from a prospectively maintained institutional registry. Single National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center. A total of 251 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer between January 2017 and April 2024 who underwent genetic testing. Somatic tumor sequencing and circulating tumor DNA analysis. Response to total neoadjuvant therapy, local recurrence, and distant metastasis. Genetic testing utilization increased substantially from 2017 to 2024, with somatic next-generation sequencing testing rising from 3% to 33% and circulating tumor DNA from 2% to more than 45%. Tumor mutational burden did not correlate significantly with response to total neoadjuvant therapy, recurrence, or metastasis. Mutation profiles across carcinogenesis pathways showed no significant differences between complete responders and those with residual disease after adjustment ( p = 0.145). After total neoadjuvant therapy, circulating tumor DNA positivity strongly correlated with residual disease (sensitivity 76.5%, specificity 82.4%; p = 0.0016), with tumor-agnostic circulating tumor DNA assays demonstrating significantly higher sensitivity than tumor-informed tests (100% vs 50%, p = 0.03). Retrospective design, potential selection bias, single-center data. Despite increasing adoption, somatic next-generation sequencing alone lacks clear prognostic or predictive utility for rectal cancer management. In contrast, circulating tumor DNA testing demonstrated substantial promise for assessing response to total neoadjuvant therapy, particularly using tumor-agnostic platforms. Further prospective studies are needed to refine clinical guidelines and fully integrate these genetic technologies into rectal cancer care. See Video Abstract . ANTECEDENTES:Los avances en las tecnologías de secuenciación genética, incluyendo la secuenciación somática de última generación y los ensayos de ADN tumoral circulante, han tenido un impacto significativo en el tratamiento del cáncer rectal. Sin embargo, las implicaciones clínicas de estas tecnologías aún no se comprenden completamente.OBJETIVO:Evaluar los patrones y la utilidad clínica de la secuenciación genética en pacientes con cáncer rectal.DISEÑO:Análisis retrospectivo de cohortes a partir de un registro institucional mantenido de forma prospectiva.ENTORNO:Un único centro oncológico designado por el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer.PACIENTES:Un total de 251 pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer rectal entre enero de 2017 y abril de 2024, que se sometieron a pruebas genéticas.INTERVENCIONES:Secuenciación tumoral somática y análisis del ADN tumoral circulante.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Respuesta al tratamiento neoadyuvante total, recidiva local y metástasis a distancia.RESULTADOS:El uso de pruebas genéticas aumentó considerablemente entre 2017 y 2024, pasando la secuenciación somática de nueva generación del 3 % al 33 % y el ADN tumoral circulante del 2 % a más del 45 %. La carga mutacional tumoral no se correlacionó significativamente con la respuesta a la terapia neoadyuvante total, la recurrencia o la metástasis. Los perfiles de mutación en las vías de carcinogénesis no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los pacientes con respuesta completa y los que presentaban enfermedad residual después del ajuste ( p = 0,145). Tras la terapia neoadyuvante total, la positividad del ADN tumoral circulante se correlacionó fuertemente con la enfermedad residual (sensibilidad: 76,5 %, especificidad: 82,4 %; p = 0,0016), y los ensayos de ADN tumoral circulante independientes del tumor demostraron una sensibilidad significativamente mayor que las pruebas basadas en el tumor (100 % frente a 50 %, p = 0,03).LIMITACIONES:Diseño retrospectivo, posible sesgo de selección, datos de un solo centro.CONCLUSIONES:A pesar de su creciente adopción, la secuenciación somática de nueva generación por sí sola carece de una utilidad pronóstica o predictiva clara para el tratamiento del cáncer rectal. Por el contrario, las pruebas de ADN tumoral circulante demostraron un gran potencial para evaluar la respuesta a la terapia neoadyuvante total, especialmente cuando se utilizan plataformas independientes del tumor. Se necesitan más estudios prospectivos para perfeccionar las directrices clínicas e integrar plenamente estas tecnologías genéticas en la atención del cáncer rectal. ( AI-generated translation ).

Educational only
This information is for general education and is not medical advice. Always talk to a licensed U.S. clinician about your situation, medications, or treatment decisions.