A comprehensive review of Stropharia rugosoannulata polysaccharides: Extraction methods, isolation and purification, structural features, chemical modification, biological activities, and application prospects.

Source: PubMed, NCBI / U.S. National Library of Medicine

Stropharia rugosoannulata (S. rugosoannulata) is a valued edible and medicinal fungus. Its polysaccharides exhibit various bioactivities such as antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. Although reviews have summarized extraction methods and some activities, a systematic summary of Stropharia rugosoannulata polysaccharides (SRPs) structures, the bioactivities of both native and structurally modified polysaccharides, and their future applications is lacking. This paper systematically reviews the extraction and separation techniques, chemical structures, and biological activities of SRPs. Additionally, chemical modifications of polysaccharides (e.g., carboxymethylation and phosphorylation) broaden their functional properties, enabling effects against additional conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These modifications also enhance specific biological activities, including antioxidant capacity and anti-colitis effects. These enhancements provide a crucial theoretical basis for their innovative application in functional foods. Furthermore, the existing research gaps are highlighted to facilitate further investigation.